1. Basic Computer Knowledge

What is Computer?

Introduction to computer :-

Computer Stand for (Common Operating Machine Particular Used for Technology and Educational Research)

Introduction to Computer History:-

Let’s take a brief introduction to Computer history and its technology.

Abacus the first calculating device:

The abacus is an ancient calculating device or tool that has been used for centuries to perform arithmetic operations. It is often considered one of the earliest devices used for mathematical calculation. It is used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and divide by moving beads up and down on a series of rods or wires.

Introduction to computers of various types and generations:-

• Mechanical Computers :
  Napier’s bones (1600s computer)
  The earliest (1600s – 1800s) devices that can be considered as “computer” were mechanical calculators. Blaise Pascal developed the Pascaline, a mechanical calculator capable of performing addition and subtraction, in 17th century. After a couple of year, in the 19th century Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine, which are considered precursors to modern computers.
• Modern Computer:
  
  The birth of modern computer (1930s – 1940s) . In the 1940s, during World War II, the need for faster calculations led to the development of electronic computers like the Colossus (used to break German codes) and the Harvard Mark I (a general-purpose electromechanical computer).
• First Generation Computers:
  Se
  In (1940s – 1950s) the first generation of computers emerged in the late 1940s and early 1950s. These computer are bigger in size and occupies more space. These computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and were large and expensive. Like the ENIAC and UNIVAC which stand for (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and (Universal Automatic Computer). They mainly used for scientific and military purposes.
• Second Generation Computers:
  
  The second generation of computers (1940s – 1950s) introduced transistors, which replaced vacuum tubes. Transistors were smaller, more reliable, and less power-consuming. This made computers smaller, faster, and more accessible. During this period, the development of programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN also took place.
• Third Generation Computers:
  
  (1960s – 1970s) The third generation of computers emerged in the 1960s with the invention of integrated circuits (ICs). These ICs allowed thousands of transistors to be packed into a single chip, further reducing the size of computers and increasing their processing power. IBM’s System/360 series is a notable example from this era.
• . Fourth Generation Computers:
  
  The fourth generation of computers saw the development of microprocessors. Intel’s 4004 microprocessor, introduced in 1971, was the first commercially available microprocessor. These microprocessors paved the way for personal computers (PCs), which became increasingly popular in the 1980s with models like the Apple II and IBM PC.
• Fifth Generation Computers:
  
  ( 1980s – Present)The fifth generation of computers is marked by the development of artificial intelligence and parallel processing. The rapid progress in microprocessor technology, storage capabilities, and networking infrastructure has spurred a widespread adoption of computers in diverse manifestations, encompassing laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are some of the prominent trends in the current era of computing.
  

Introduction to computer types:-

• PC’s
  
  PC’s stand for personal computer, which is a general-purpose computing device designed to be used by an individual PCs, or personal computers. PC’s also known as desktop computers.
  These are common type of computing device used by individuals for various tasks, such as work, entertainment, communication, and more. Also these PC’s or personal computer are used in various fields or in large-scale business and organization purposes.
• Laptop’s
  
  Laptops, commonly referred to as notebook computers, are compact personal computing devices specifically engineered for mobile usage. They are come in various size and configurations. They are very small in size and light weight. We can run modern software easily on this type of computers. There processor are very fast.
  
• Smartphones and Tablets:
  
  Smartphones are mobile devices that combine the functionalities of a mobile phone and a mini-computer. They allow users to make calls, send text messages, access the internet, run applications, and perform various tasks on the go. Tablets are portable computing devices that typically have larger screens than smartphones but are more compact and lightweight than traditional laptops.

Introduction to Computers use:-

• Computers enable communication through email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media platforms, connecting people across the globe.
• Computer are used in industrial areas and control system of manufacturing processes and improve efficiency of work.
• Computer are used in social networking platforms or in online community’s.
• Computers are employed in medical facilities for patient records, diagnostic imaging, research, and the development of new treatments.
• Computer are used in educational institutions for teaching, learning, and online courses, offering interactive and multimedia-rich content.
• We can use computer for gamming, streaming movies, music, and other multimedia content, offering a variety of entertainment options.
• We can use computer as a tool for graphic design, video editing, animation, and other creative pursuits.
• We can use computer for Scientific research and in data analysis, simulations, and modeling for scientific research in various fields.
• Computers are used in various transportation systems, such as airplanes, trains, and automobiles, for navigation, control, and optimization.
• Computers are used in security systems, surveillance, and encryption to safeguard information and assets.

Read more about Computers:
History of Computer: – https://xcoode.co.in/basic_computer/history-of-computer/
Basic Computer: – https://xcoode.co.in/basic_computer/basic-introduction-to-computer/
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C Programming: – https://xcoode.co.in/c_programming/introduction-to-c-programming/

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